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In social sciences, especially economics, a stylized fact is a simplified presentation of an empirical finding.〔Thomas Cooley, ed., (1995): ''Frontiers of Business Cycle Research'', page 3. Princeton University Press, ISBN 0-691-04323-X.〕 A stylized fact is often a broad generalization that summarizes some complicated statistical calculations, which although essentially true may have inaccuracies in the detail. A prominent example of a stylized fact is: "Education significantly raises lifetime income." Another stylized fact in economics is: "In advanced economies, real GDP growth fluctuates in a recurrent but irregular fashion". As noted above, scrutiny to detail will often produce counterexamples. In the case given above, holding a PhD may ''lower'' lifetime income, because of the years of lost earnings it implies and because many PhD holders enter academia instead of higher-paid fields. Nonetheless, broadly speaking, people with more education tend to earn more, so the above example is true in the sense of a stylized fact. ==Origin of the term== The term “stylised facts” was introduced by the economist Nicholas Kaldor in the context of a debate on economic growth theory in 1961,〔Nicholas Kaldor (1961), 'Capital Accumulation and Economic Growth.' In: Lutz/Hague (eds.): The Theory of Capital, London, pp. 177-222.〕 expanding on model assumptions made in a 1957 paper.〔Nicholas Kaldor (1957), '(A model of economic growth ).' ''The Economic Journal'' 67 (268), pp. 591-624.〕 Criticizing the neoclassical models of economic growth of his time, Kaldor argues that theory construction should begin with a summary of the relevant facts. However, to handle the problem that “facts as recorded by statisticians, are always subject to numerous snags and qualifications, and for that reason are incapable of being summarized”,〔Kaldor 1961, p. 178〕 he suggests that theorists “should be free to start off with a stylised view of the facts – i.e. concentrate on broad tendencies, ignoring individual detail”.〔 With respect to broad tendencies that result from such a process, Kaldor coins the term “stylized facts”. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Stylized fact」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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